Winds of Change

This is a composite image of NGC 1068, one of the nearest and brightest galaxies containing a rapidly growing supermassive black hole. The X-ray images and spectra obtained using Chandra's High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer show that a strong wind is being driven away from the center of NGC 1068 at a rate of about a million miles per hour. This wind is likely generated as surrounding gas is accelerated and heated as it swirls toward the black hole. A portion of the gas is pulled into the black hole, but some of it is blown away. High energy X-rays produced by the gas near the black hole heat the ouflowing gas, causing it to glow at lower X-ray energies.

X-ray data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory are shown in red, optical data from the Hubble Space Telescope in green and radio data from the Very Large Array in blue. The spiral structure of NGC 1068 is shown by the X-ray and optical data, and a jet powered by the central supermassive black hole is shown by the radio data.



This Chandra study is much deeper than previous X-ray observations. Using this data, researchers believe that each year several times the mass of our sun is being deposited out to large distances, about 3,000 light years from the black hole. The wind likely carries enough energy to heat the surrounding gas and suppress extra star formation.



These results help explain how a supermassive black hole can alter the evolution of its host galaxy. It has long been suspected that material blown away from a black hole can affect its environment, but a key question has been whether such "black hole blowback" typically delivers enough power to have a significant impact.



NGC 1068 is located about 50 million light years from Earth and contains a supermassive black hole about twice as massive as the one in the middle of the Milky Way Galaxy.

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CHEMICAL student PROJECTS

Biosorption:

An Efficient and Economical Method for Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Waste Waters

        Author

- AKASH P. PAGARE*

    Email ID: ap.pagare@gmail.com

Abstract:


As water is one of abundant source on earth but the only less than 3% of the water is potable, which can be fulfill the thirst of the living beings. Now a days it is very essential to save & to use the water as the drinking water available is very less hence new method & techniques are not developed for to reuse or recycle the water with its quality it is most serious concern if we fail to do so then as per as we concern the 3rd war which if happen it will be for the WATER only. So it is necessary to do treatment on the every other effluent to make its useful so that we can save water. Hence,

The release of heavy metals in to the environment by industrial activities is a serious concern because these heavy metals are extremely toxic and non biodegradable. These will accumulate in living organisms causing various diseases. The potential of metal concentration by certain types of dead biomass has been well established over the last decade. This phenomenon can probably make the most significant impact in using it for removing toxic heavy metals from industrial effluents. An interdisciplinary approach seems essential for bringing the phenomenon to a successful process application stage. In this present article the prediction of process performance and feasibility are discussed.

Key words: - toxic, bio mass, metal conc., effluents biosorption, adsorbent